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Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh

Coordinates: 25°44′N 82°41′E / 25.73°N 82.68°E / 25.73; 82.68
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Jaunpur district.
For other uses, see Jaunpur (disambiguation).

Jaunpur
City
Jaunpur City, Jaunpur District
Jaunpur

From Top Left to Bottom Right:

Shahi Bridge, Shahi Quila, Gomti Arti at Gopighat, Lohia Paryawaran Park, Sheetla Chaukiya Temple, Purvanchal University Campus
Jaunpur is located in Uttar Pradesh
Jaunpur
Jaunpur
Jaunpur is located in India
Jaunpur
Jaunpur
Coordinates: 25°44′N 82°41′E / 25.73°N 82.68°E / 25.73; 82.68
Country India
StateUttar Pradesh
DistrictJaunpur
Founded1359
Named for
Government
 • Member of ParliamentBabu Singh Kushwaha (SP)
Elevation
82 m (269 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total
180,362
 • Density1,113/km2 (2,880/sq mi)
Language
 • OfficialHindi[2]
 • Additional officialUrdu[2]
 • RegionalBhojpuri[3]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationUP-62
Sex ratio925 females per 1000 males ♂/♀
Websitejaunpur.nic.in

Jaunpur (Hindustani pronunciation: [dʒɔːnpʊr] ⓘ) is a city and a municipal board in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located 228 km southeast of state capital Lucknow. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the Purvanchal area in which it is located.

History

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Further information: Sultanate of Jaunpur
Part of a series on the
Jaunpur Sultanate
سلطنت جونپور
Rulers
Architecture
Warfare
Historiography
Tarikh-i-Dawudi
Billon coin of 32 rattis, issued by Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur.
The famous Sheetla Mata Chaukiya Temple was built by either Ahirs/Yadavs or Bhars

Earliest Hindu rulers of Jaunpur were The Ahirs/Yadavs, Heerchand Yadav was the first Ahir Ruler of Jaunpur[4] Ahirs/Yadavs have built forts at Chandwak and Gopalpur villages of jaunpur[4]

It is believed that the famous temple of Chaukiya Devi was built in the glory of their clan-deity either by the Yadavs or the Bhars- but in view of the predilections of the Bhars, it seems more logical to conclude that this temple was built by the Bhars. The Bhars were non-Aryans. The worship of Shiv and Shakti was prevalent in the non-aryans. The Bhars also held some power in Jaunpur.[4]

In 1359, the city was invaded by the Sultan of Delhi Feroz Shah Tughlaq and named in memory of his cousin, Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given name was Jauna Khan.[5][6] In 1388, Feroz Shah Tughlaq appointed Malik Sarwar (an eunuch, who was notorious for having been the lover of Feroz Shah Tughlaq's daughter) as the governor of the region. The Sultanate was in disarray because of factional fighting for power, and in 1393 Malik Sarwar declared independence. He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah founded what came to be known as the Sharqi dynasty (dynasty of the East). During the Sharqi period (1394 and 1479)[7] the Jaunpur Sultanate was a strong military power in Northern India, and on several occasions threatened the Delhi Sultanate.

It depicts the elephant Citranand attacking another, called Udiya, during the Mughal campaign against the rebel forces of Khan Zaman and Bahadur Khan in 1567.
View at Juanpore, on the River Gomti (1847)[8]

The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams-ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402–1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Qutb al-Alam, he threatened the Sultanate of Bengal under Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah.[5]: 343 

During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts by Bahlul Khan Lodi. It is a dominant trend in modern historiography of the period that this defeat was a cause of a large number of eunuchs in the military ranks. Finally, under Sikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultanate was able to reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end.

The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center of Urdu and Sufi knowledge and culture. The Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations between Muslims and Hindus, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants of Persians or Afghans. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered by Sikander Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi. The Sharqi kings attempted for several years to retake the city, but ultimately failed.

Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when the Lodis took the city, several important mosques remain, most notably the Atala Masjid, Jama Masjid (now known as the Badi (big mosque) Masjid) and the Lal Darwaza Masjid. The Jaunpur mosques display a unique architectural style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with purely original elements. The old bridge over the Gomti River in Jaunpur dates from 1564, the era of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. The bridge is still being used for transportation. The Jaunpur Qila, a fortress from the Tughlaq era, also remains in good form.

Jaunpur district was annexed into British India based on the Permanent settlement of 1779, and thus was subject to the Zamindari system of land revenue collection.

During the Revolt of 1857 the Sikh troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually reconquered for the British by Gurkha troops from Nepal. Jaunpur then became a district administrative center. The major rebellion took place in Jaunpur when freedom fighters, led by Pandit Badrinath Tiwari, unfurled national flag at the railway station of Nibhapur. It was marked by a series of government-led suppressions of Pandit Badrinath Tiwari and his fellow freedom fighters throughout the district brave Pandit Ji refused to bow down in front of British atrocities.

Present state

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Jaunpur is the district headquarters. The district has 2 Lok Sabha and 9 Vidhan Sabha constituencies.

Geography

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Rivers

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Gomti, Sai, Varuna, Pili Nadi ('yellow rivulet' or 'river'), Mayur and Basuhi are the five rivers which make its land fertile.[9][10] Gujar tal located in Jaunpur is the largest lake in Varanasi division. Efforts are being made to develop it as an eco-tourism site.[11]

Demographics

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As per 2011 Indian Census, Jaunpur NPP had population of 180,362 of which male and female were 93,718 and 86,644 respectively, that is a sex ratio of 1024 females per 1000 males. Child population in the age range of 0–6 years was 22,710. The total number of literates in Jaunpur was 128,050, which constituted 71% of the population with male literacy of 75.2% and female literacy of 66.5%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jaunpur was 81.2%, of which male literacy rate was 86.1% and female literacy rate was 75.9%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 12,703 and 195 respectively. There were 26216 households as of 2011.[1]

Economy

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GSG, GS Green Enterprise Katehari-Leduka Jaunpur was established in March 2017 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 10 acres of land, under growth center scheme of Govt. of India. Hawkins Cookers Limited company has one of the three manufacturing plants in India at Jaunpur to manufacture pressure cookers and cookware.[citation needed]

Satharia Industrial Development Authority was established in November 1989 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Sidhwan-Rampur Industrial Development Authority[12] has now setting its base in Rampur Nirvachan Kshetra on Jaunpur-Bhadohi Road in Mariyahu tehsil.[citation needed]

In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 508 acres of land, under a growth center scheme of Govt. of India.

Virtually all kinds of industrial, commercial and social infrastructural facilities, such as medical, educational, residential, roads, transportation, drainage, telecommunication, dedicated industrial power 33/11 KV supply, post office, bank, water supply, community center, shopping center, and field hostel have been fully established and are operative.[13]

Under One District, One Product (ODOP) Scheme 2018 of the UP Govt., perfume and carpet industry have been selected for Jaunpur district.[14]

Landmarks

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Shahi Bridge
Jaunpur Jama Masjid

There are a number of tourist attractions in Jaunpur including monuments, and holy places.[7]

Monuments

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Religious sites

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Transportation

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Rail

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Jaunpur Junction
Jaunpur City

Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks to Indian Railways. It has four major railway stations: Jaunpur City Railway Station(JOP) and Jaunpur Junction (JNU), Shahganj Junction (SHG), Janghai Junction, Kerakat railway station (KCT). Zafarabad (ZBD) also a railway station where's many train routes are diverted i.e., Allahababd, Varanasi, Lucknow Via Sultanpur, Lucknow via Shahganj, Ghazipur via Jaunpur junction.

Road

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Lucknow-Sultanpur-Jaunpur-Varanasi is now 4 Lane

Jaunpur is well-connected to Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Allahabad and other cities like Azamgarh, Mirzapur, Janghai, Sultanpur, Kerakat, Ghazipur etc. Mariahu NH-56, SH-36 are the roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur.Jaunpur to Babatpur NH-56 is now 4-lane highway.[15]

On 20 December 2021 Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Yogi Adityanath and Minister for Road Transport & Highways Nitin Gadkari announced new highways worth ₹1500 crore[16] that are currently under construction. They are:[citation needed]

  • Jaunpur-Mariyahu-Bhadohi, 38 kilometres (24 mi)
  • Machlishahr-Janghai-Bhadohi, 48 kilometres (30 mi)
  • Janghai-Bhadohi Greenfield Bypass, 36 kilometres (22 mi)

Air

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The nearest airport is Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport in Varanasi, which is roughly 39 km (24 mi) from the city. The other nearest airport to Jaunpur is in Prayagraj which is roughly 142 km (88 mi) away. An airport was planned to be built near Pali village of Mariyahu Tehsil in 2018 which was later cancelled.[citation needed]

Education

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University

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Aerial View of Main Campus of VBSPU
  • Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, formerly Purvanchal University, is in Jaunpur. It was established in 1987 as a residential-cum-affiliating university and is named after Vir Bahadur Singh, former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.
  • Umanath Singh Autonomous State Medical College (UNS ASMC), in Siddiqpur has also been inaugurated by Prime Minister under One District One medical college during late 2021.[17]

Notable institutes

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Science and Technology (Innovation)

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World's largest language speaking social and educational humanoid robot "Robot Shalu". Shalu, the world-famous robot made of waste material capable of speaking 47 languages, has been developed by a scientist and educator from Jaunpur.

Local media

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Mostly all major English, Hindi and Urdu dailies including Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, Dainik Jagran, Amar Ujala, Hindustan, Rashtreey Sahara, Inquilab, Hausla News available in Jaunpur. Hindi and Urdu dailies also have their bureaus in the city. Almost all major Hindi TV news channel have stringers in the city. A Hindi newspaper Tarunmitra is also published from Jaunpur.[citation needed] The city also catches Radio FM waves from neighbouring city Varanasi they are:

Notable people

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Ravi Kishan, a Bhojpuri film actor and Member of Parliament
Jagmohan Yadav addressing a press conference

References

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  1. ^ a b "Census of India: Jaunpur (NPP)". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  2. ^ a b "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  3. ^ Linguistic Survey of India (Volume 5, Issue 2 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. 1968.
  4. ^ a b c National Informatics Centre, Ministry Of Electronics & Information Technology, Government Of India, National Informatics Centre, Ministry Of Electronics & Information Technology, Government Of India (29 February 2024). "District Jaunpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh". District Jaunpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved 29 February 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b Goron, Stan; Goenka, J. P. (2001). The coins of the Indian sultanates: Covering the area of present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 978-8121510103.
  6. ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 98. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  7. ^ a b Datta, Rangan (22 April 2023). "Jaunpur in Uttar Pradesh — the land of 'Shahi' forts, mosques and more". No. The Telegraph. My Kolkata. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  8. ^ "View at Jaunpur, on the River Ganges". Wesleyan Juvenile Offering. IV: 60. June 1847. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  9. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jaunpur" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  10. ^ State Water Resources Agency (September 2019). Gomti Basin Plan (PDF). Development of River Basin Assessment and Plans for All Major River Basins in Uttar Pradesh. Vol. 1. Government of Uttar Pradesh. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  11. ^ "Jaunpur's Gujar Tal to be developed for eco-tourism - ET TravelWorld". Economic Times. 22 December 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  12. ^ "Industrial Development Authority finds 50-acre land in Jaunpur unsuitable". The Times of India. 26 April 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  13. ^ "About SIDA". sidajaunpur.com. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  14. ^ "Perfume industry of Jaunpur bottomed out, will rise again: Rita Bahuguna". United News of India. 1 April 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  15. ^ Sood, Jyotika (6 November 2018). "In the poll year, all roads in eastern Uttar Pradesh lead to Varanasi". Mint. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  16. ^ "VIDEO: Yogi Adityanath and Nitin Gadkari on Jaunpur tour today, to present new projects worth 1500 Crore". India TV News. 20 December 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  17. ^ "Medical College". District Jaunpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh - India. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  18. ^ Siddiqui, Faiz Rahman (7 March 2017). "UP elections 2017: With 47 IAS officers to boast of, this village rues lack of development". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 April 2022.

Further reading

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"Jaunpur" . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jaunpur.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Jaunpur".
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